In the 1940s, experiments demonstrated that major depression can be alleviated by injecting Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Brunswick ME into men with low levels of that hormone. The treatment was never successful because the injections are painful and effective antidepressant drugs began to be marketed. However, more recently, Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Brunswick ME patches and gels appeared. In June 2000, the U.S.Food and Drug Administration approved a new form of gel to treat muscle loss, decreased sexual desire, lack of energy, and other symptoms of so-called hypogonadism or hypoactivity of the testicles.
The association between age-related male testosterone deficiency and late-onset hypogonadism was related to decreased testosterone levels. They support exogenous testosterone as a psychotropic agent, but suggest that the effects are limited to a subgroup, particularly in hypogonadism. It was also observed that excessive administration of testosterone is associated with multiple adverse effects and complications. Regarding the stratification of testosterone levels below average and above average, it was concluded that the relationship between men with lower than average levels of testosterone and depression is inversely and directly related to those with higher testosterone to the average.
For this reason, it's vital to understand if testosterone could help in cases of resistance to treatment. The current literature exploring the efficacy of administering testosterone for the treatment of major depressive disorder and depressive symptoms is inconsistent. The objective of this review is to synthesize information about clinical depression, its treatment options, and the efficacy and safety of testosterone treatment for the treatment of depression. In addition, testosterone levels tend to decrease as men age, and some studies have shown that men with lower levels are more likely to have depressive symptoms.
As a model for investigating the effect of testosterone, MedUni Vienna researchers chose hormone therapy given to transsexuals. At the end of the experiment, Pope discovered a significant improvement in the mood of people taking testosterone compared to those using the contraceptive gel. Testosterone is known to increase the expression and binding of 5-HT transporter (serotonin) mRNA in rats and humans. The results of the study suggest that taking TEA did not increase serum total testosterone or prostatic specific antigen (PSA) concentrations, but it did result in increases in ASD, free testosterone, estradiol and dihydrotestosterone, while reducing serum HDL cholesterol levels.
Another study concluded that atypical depressive subtypes showed dramatically reduced testosterone levels compared to melancholic depressives in men.
